Dutasteride

Avodart is used in men to treat an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia), non-cancerous growth of the prostate caused by overproduction of a hormone called dihydrotestosterone.

The active substance is dutasteride. Avodart belongs to a group of medicines called 5-alpha reductase enzyme inhibitors.

As the prostate enlarges, it can lead to urinary problems such as difficulty in the flow of urine and a need to urinate more frequently. It can also cause the urine stream to be less and less strong.

If benign prostatic hyperplasia is not treated, there is a risk that the flow of urine will be completely blocked (acute retention of urine). This requires immediate medical treatment. Sometimes surgery may be necessary to shrink or remove the prostate. Avodart reduces the production of dihydrotestosterone and this helps to reduce the size of the prostate and relieve symptoms. This will reduce the risk of acute urine retention and the need for surgery.

Avodart can also be used with another medicine called tamsulosin (used to treat symptoms of an enlarged prostate).

Dutasteride reduces circulating levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by inhibiting type 1 and type 2 isoenzymes of 5-alpha reductase, which are responsible for the conversion of testosterone to DHT.

Avodart is indicated for prostate problems. The prostate is a gland that is located around the urethra. If the prostate grows, it can become obstructed by the urethra over time. The result is that urine cannot flow through the urethra, causing urinary problems such as:

• Frequent need to urinate even though the bladder is not yet full;
• Difficulty withholding urine;
• Leak or leakage of urine (incontinence);
• Disrupted urinary flow;
• Long post-void drip.

Avodart contracts the prostate, freeing the urethra from tightness. In this way, urinary problems are alleviated or disappear.

Always use this medicine exactly as your doctor or pharmacist has told you. If you don't take Avodart on a regular basis, controlling your PSA levels may be affected. If in doubt, consult your doctor or pharmacist again.

What dose should you take

The recommended dose is one capsule (0.5 mg) once a day. Avodart capsules should be swallowed whole, with water. Do not chew or open the capsules. Contact with the contents of the capsules can irritate your mouth or throat.

Avodart treatment is long term. Some men may experience rapid improvement in symptoms. However, others may need to continue treatment for up to 6 months or more before an effect begins. Continue taking Avodart for as long as your doctor has told you.

Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.

Allergic reaction

Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include:

• skin rash (which can itch)
• lumps on the skin
• swelling of the eyelids, face, lips, arms, and legs.

You should immediately contact your doctor if you experience any of these symptoms and stop taking Avodart.

Frequent side effects, These can affect up to 1 in 10 patients taking Avodart:

• inability to get or maintain an erection (impotence), which may continue after you stop taking Avodart.
• decreased sexual drive (libido), which may continue after you stop taking Avodart
• difficulty in ejaculation, such as a decrease in the amount of semen released during sexual intercourse, which may continue after you stop taking Avodart
• swelling or tenderness of the chest (gynecomastia)
• dizziness when taken with tamsulosin.

Uncommon side effects, These can affect up to 1 in 100 patients taking Avodart:

• heart failure (the heart becomes less efficient at pumping blood through the body. This could cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and swelling in the ankles and legs)
• hair loss (usually from the body) or hair growth.

Side effects of unknown frequency, Frequency cannot be estimated from the available data:

• depression
• pain and inflammation of the testicles.

warnings and precautions

Combination therapy should be prescribed after careful benefit/risk assessment due to a possible increased risk of adverse reactions (including heart failure) and after other alternative treatment options, including monotherapies, have been considered.

Prostate cancer and high-grade tumors

The REDUCE study, a 4-year, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

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