Galvus

Galvus (vildagliptin) is an oral medicine that is used to treat people with type 2 diabetes. This medicine is used to control blood sugar levels, often together with another type of medicine to lower glucose levels in the blood, such as sulfonylureas and metformin.

Type 2 diabetes is a disease in which the pancreas does not make enough insulin to control blood glucose levels, or in which the body cannot use insulin effectively. The active substance in Galvus, vildagliptin, is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4). This inhibits the body's breakdown of the hormone incretin, which is released after meals and stimulates the production of insulin in the pancreas. The increase in the hormone incretin allows the pancreas to be stimulated to produce more insulin in response to high blood glucose levels. However, if blood glucose levels are low, vildagliptin will not work. Vildagliptin also helps lower glucose produced by the liver. This is done by increasing insulin levels and reducing the amount of glucagon. On the whole

Galvus vildagliptin uses include being indicated to treat adult patients with type 2 diabetes when diabetes cannot be controlled solely by diet and exercise. Helps control blood sugar levels. Your doctor will prescribe Galvus alone or in combination with other antidiabetic medications you are already taking if these are not effective enough to control diabetes.

Always use this medicine exactly as your doctor or pharmacist has told you. If in doubt, consult your doctor or pharmacist again.

How much and when

The dose of Galvus that each person should take varies depending on their condition. Your doctor will tell you exactly how many Galvus tablets to take. The maximum daily dose is 100 mg.

The recommended vildagliptin dosage is:

50 mg once a day in the morning, if you are taking Galvus together with another medicine known as a sulfonylurea.

100 mg daily in two 50 mg doses in the morning and evening if you are taking Galvus alone, with another medicine known as metformin or a glitazone, with a combination of metformin and a sulfonylurea, or with insulin.

50 mg daily in the morning if you have moderate or severe kidney disease or are on dialysis.

How to take Galvus

Swallow the tablet whole with a little water.

Galvus treatment duration

Take Galvus every day for as long as your doctor tells you. You may have to follow this treatment for a long period of time.

Your doctor will carry out regular checks to verify that the treatment has the desired effect.

Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.

Some symptoms require immediate medical attention

You should stop taking Galvus and see your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following side effects:

Angioedema (rare: may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people): symptoms including a swollen face, tongue or throat, difficulty swallowing, difficulty breathing, a sudden onset of a rash or hives, which may be indicative of a reaction called "angioedema".

Liver disease (hepatitis) (rare): Symptoms including yellowing of the skin and eyes, nausea, loss of appetite, or dark discoloration of the urine, which may be indicative of liver disease (hepatitis).

Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) (frequency not known): Symptoms including severe and persistent pain in the abdomen (stomach area), which can reach your back, as well as nausea and vomiting.

Other adverse effects

Some patients suffered the following side effects while taking Galvus and metformin:

• Common (may affect up to 1 in 10 people): tremor, headache, dizziness, nausea, decreased blood glucose
• Uncommon (may affect up to 1 in 100 people): fatigue

Some patients suffered the following side effects while taking Galvus and a sulfonylurea:

• Common: tremor, headache, dizziness, weakness, decreased blood glucose
• Uncommon: constipation
• Very rare (may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people): sore throat, nasal congestion

Some patients suffered the following side effects while taking Galvus and a glitazone:

• Common: weight gain, swollen hands, ankles, or feet (edema)
• Uncommon: headache, weakness, decreased blood glucose

Some patients suffered the following side effects while taking Galvus alone:

• Common: dizziness
• Uncommon: swollen headache, constipation, swollen hands, ankles, or feet (edema), joint pain, decreased blood glucose
• Very rare: sore throat, nasal congestion, fever

Some patients have had the following side effects while taking Galvus, metformin, and a sulfonylurea:

• Common: dizziness, tremor, weakness, low blood glucose levels, excessive sweating

Some patients have had the following side effects while taking Galvus and insulin (with or without metformin):

• Common: headache, chills, nausea (malaise), low blood glucose levels, heartburn
• Uncommon: diarrhea, flatulence

The following side effects have also been reported:

Frequency not known (cannot be estimated from the available data): an itchy rash, inflammation of the pancreas, localized peeling of the skin or blisters, muscle pain

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