Captopril

Captopril is a medicine that belongs to the group of so-called angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors). Captopril relaxes the blood vessels and reduces blood pressure. Captopril is indicated for the treatment of high blood pressure (high blood pressure), the treatment of chronic heart failure (when the heart does not pump blood adequately), in combination with diuretics and when appropriate with digitalis and beta-blockers. Myocardial infarction (heart attack) and for the treatment of kidney problems in patients with type I diabetes (type I diabetic nephropathy).

The Captopril medication inhibits peptidyl dipeptidase, a converting enzyme that hydrolyzes angiotensin I to angiotensin II and inactivates bradykinin, a potent vasodilator that acts at least in part by stimulating secretion of nitric oxide and prostacyclin. The hypotensive activity of captopril is the result of an inhibitory action on the renin-angiotensin system and a stimulant of the calcicare-kinin system.

Captopril uses include being used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It is also used to help delay further weakening of the heart in some patients after a heart attack and to treat kidney problems in some diabetic patients and to treat congestive heart failure.

Always take Captopril Tablets exactly as your doctor has told you. If in doubt, consult your doctor or pharmacist again. Your doctor will indicate the duration of treatment with captopril. Do not stop treatment earlier, as it could make your illness worse. Your doctor will establish the appropriate dose for you and will make the adjustments that he considers appropriate, since the dosage must be individualized.

Adults

Treatment of high blood pressure

The recommended starting dose is 25-50 mg daily, administered in two daily doses. Your doctor may gradually increase the dose to 100-150 mg daily. Your doctor may recommend the co-administration of other medicines that lower blood pressure.

Treatment of chronic heart failure

The recommended starting dose for chronic heart failure (helping the heart to pump blood properly) is 6.25-12.5 mg two or three times a day. Your doctor may gradually increase the dose to a maximum of 150 mg per day and will monitor you during the first weeks of treatment or when changing the dose.

Myocardial infarction:

The usual dose after myocardial infarction is a test dose of 6.25 mg. Your doctor may gradually increase the dose to a maximum of 150 mg per day.

Renal problems:

The recommended starting dose for the treatment of kidney problems in patients with type I diabetes is 75-100 mg per day, administered in several daily doses.

Use in children and adolescents:

The recommended starting dose is 0.30 mg kg of weight. In children requiring special precautions, the starting dose should be 0.15 mg kg of weight. The use of this medicine in children and adolescents should be started under close medical supervision. Your doctor will indicate the number of feedings per day.

Elderly patients​:

In elderly patients with impaired renal function and other organic disturbances, lower doses than recommended should be administered.

Patients with kidney failure:

Lower doses than recommended should be administered. If you think the action of captopril is too strong or weak, tell your doctor or pharmacist.

Administration form:

Swallow the tablets with water, regardless of food intake. Your doctor will indicate the duration of treatment with captopril tablets. Do not stop treatment sooner, as only your doctor knows what is best for you.

Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.

The following side effects have been observed:

Common (affects up to 1 in 10 people):

• Anorexia (loss of appetite)
• Sleep disorders
• Taste disturbances
• Dizziness
• Headache and tingling sensation
• Cough and shortness of breath
• Nausea, vomiting
• Gastric irritation
• Pain abdominal
• Diarrhoea
• Constipation
• Dry mouth
• Stomach ulcer
• Itching with or without a skin rash (sometimes with fever, joint pain and eosinophilia)
• skin rash and hair loss.

Uncommon (affects up to 1 in 100 people):

• Tachycardia or tachyarrhythmia (increased heart rate)
• Chest pain
• Palpitation
• Hypotension
• Raynaud's syndrome (paleness crisis followed by cyanosis and flushing, which occurs in the fingers hand)
• Redness
• Paleness
• Swelling of the arms, legs, face, lips, tongue and / or throat
• Chest pain
• Fatigue
• Discomfort

Rare (affects up to 1 in 1,000 people):

• Feeling sleepy
• Mouth lesions
• Intestinal angioedema
• Kidney function disorders that include kidney failure, kidney failure, and impaired urine output.

Very rare (affects up to 1 in 10,000 people):

• Blood cell count abnormalities
• Lymph node conditions
• Autoimmune diseases
• Changes in your blood test related to potassium and glucose count
• Confusion
• Depression
• Stroke
• Blurred vision
• Cardiac arrest
• Cardiogenic shock
• Respiratory disorders
• Inflammation of the tongue and pancreas
• Liver alteration and yellow discoloration of the skin
• Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver) including necrosis
• Elevations of liver enzymes and bilirubin
• Appearance of blisters accompanied by itching
• Steven Johnson syndrome
• Sensitivity to light
• Redness of the skin
• Peeling of the skin
• Muscle pain
• Joint pain
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Impotence
• Excessive volume of the breasts in men
• Fever
• Disorders in your blood cell count and changes in your blood test.

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In a clinical study, it was found that 25mg of Captopril lowers blood pressure faster than nifedipine. Nine out of ten patients who received Captopril experienced a reduction in systole values from 245 to 190 and diastolic 144 to 115 within 50 minutes. Hence, Captopril 25 mg seems to be effective in managing blood pressure levels.

These two tablets are given in combination to treat high blood pressure. Captopril belongs to the class of ACE inhibitors, and Hydrochlorothiazide is a class of drugs called diuretics. Captopril helps widen the blood vessels to improve blood flow, whereas Hydrochlorothiazide removes unwanted water and salt from the body.