Telmisartan

Telmisartan belongs to a class of medications known as angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Angiotensin II is a substance produced in your body that causes your blood vessels to narrow, thereby increasing your blood pressure. Telmisartan blocks the effect of angiotensin II so that your blood vessels relax and your blood pressure drops.

Telmisartan is an orally active angiotensin II receptor antagonist (type AT1). Telmisartan displaces angiotensin II, with a very high affinity, from its place of attachment to the AT1 subtype receptor, which is responsible for the known actions of angiotensin II.

Telmisartan has no partial agonist activity at the AT1 receptor. Telmisartan selectively binds to the AT1 receptor. The union is long-lasting. Telmisartan does not show an affinity for other receptors, including AT2 and other less characterized AT receptors. The functional role of these receptors is not known, nor is the effect of their possible overstimulation by angiotensin II, whose levels are increased by telmisartan. Plasma aldosterone levels are decreased by telmisartan. Telmisartan does not inhibit human plasma renin or block ion channels. Telmisartan does not inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (kininase II), an enzyme that also breaks down bradykinin. Therefore, the potentiation of bradykinin-mediated adverse effects is not to be expected.

In humans, an 80 mg dose of telmisartan almost completely inhibits the increase in blood pressure produced by angiotensin II. The inhibitory effect is maintained for 24 hours and is still measurable for up to 48 hours.

Telmisartan is used to treat essential high blood pressure symptoms. "Essential" means that high blood pressure is not due to any other cause.

High blood pressure, if left untreated, can damage blood vessels in various organs, which can lead, in some cases, to heart attacks, heart or kidney failure, strokes, or blindness. There are usually no symptoms of high blood pressure before injuries occur. Thus, it is important to regularly measure blood pressure to check if it is within the normal range.

Telmisartan is also used to reduce cardiovascular events (eg heart attacks or strokes) in adults at risk because their blood supply to the heart or legs is reduced or blocked, or they have had a stroke or are at high risk. of having diabetes. Your doctor will inform you if you are at high risk of these events.

Always use telmisartan tablets exactly as your doctor has told you. If in doubt, consult your doctor or pharmacist again.

The normal dose of telmisartan is one tablet per day. Try to take the tablet at the same time each day. You can take telmisartan with or without food. The tablets should be swallowed with a little water or another non-alcoholic drink. It is important that you take telmisartan every day until your doctor tells you otherwise. If you think the effect of telmisartan is too strong or weak, tell your doctor or pharmacist.

For the treatment of high blood pressure, the normal dose of telmisartan for most patients is one 40 mg tablet once a day, to control blood pressure over 24 hours. Your doctor has recommended a lower dose of one 20 mg tablet. Telmisartan can also be used in combination with diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide, which has been shown to have an additive blood pressure-lowering effect with telmisartan.

For the reduction of cardiovascular events, the usual daily dose of telmisartan is one 80 mg tablet. At the start of preventive treatment with telmisartan 80 mg, blood pressure should be checked frequently.

If your liver is not working properly, the normal dose should not exceed 40 mg once a day.

Like all medicines, Telmisartan can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. Some side effects can be serious and require immediate medical attention:

If you experience any of the following symptoms, you should visit your doctor immediately:

Sepsis * (often called a "blood infection" is a serious infection involving an inflammatory reaction of the entire body), rapid swelling of the skin and mucosa (angioedema); These side effects are rare (may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people) but are extremely serious and patients should stop taking the medicine and visit their doctor immediately. If these adverse effects are not treated, they can be fatal.

Possible side effects of Telmisartan:

Common side effects (may affect up to 1 in 10 people)

Low blood pressure (hypotension) in users treated for the reduction of cardiovascular events.

Uncommon side effects (may affect up to 1 in 100 people)

Urinary tract infections, upper respiratory tract infections (eg sore throat, sinusitis, common cold), decreased red blood cells (anemia), high potassium levels, difficulty falling asleep (insomnia), feeling sad (depression) ), fainting (syncope), feeling of loss of balance (vertigo), slow heart rate (bradycardia), low blood pressure (hypotension) in users treated for high blood pressure, dizziness upon rising (orthostatic hypotension), difficulty breathing , abdominal pain, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, bloating, vomiting, itching, increased sweating, drug rash (skin reaction to medications), back pain, muscle cramps, muscle pain (myalgia), failure Renal including acute kidney failure, chest pain, symptoms of weakness, and elevated blood creatinine levels.

Rare side effects (may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people)

Sepsis * (often called a "blood infection" is a serious infection that involves an inflammatory reaction of the entire body and can lead to death), an increase in certain white blood cells (eosinophilia), a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) , severe allergic reaction (anaphylactic reaction), allergic reaction (eg rash, itching, shortness of breath, wheezing, swelling of the face or low blood pressure), low blood sugar levels (in diabetic patients), feeling anxiety, drowsiness, altered vision, increased heart rate (tachycardia), dry mouth, stomach discomfort, abnormal liver function (Japanese patients are more likely to experience this side effect), sudden swelling of the skin and mucosa which can cause death (angioedema including fatal outcome), eczema (a skin disorder), redness of the skin, hives (hives), severe drug rash, pain in the joints (arthralgia), pain in the extremities, pain in the tendons, flu-like illness, decrease in hemoglobin (a protein in the blood), increase in blood levels of uric acid, increase in liver enzymes or creatine phosphokinase in blood.

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